Phonograph-History

　　ThefirstgreatinventiondevelopedbyEdisoninMenloParkwasthetinfoilphonograph.Whileworkingtoimprovetheefficiencyofatelegraphtransmitter,henotedthatthetapeofthemachinegaveoffanoiseresemblingspokenwordswhenplayedatahighspeed.Thiscausedhimtowonderifhecouldrecordatelephonemessage.Hebeganexperimentingwiththediaphragmofatelephonereceiverbyattachinganeedletoit.Hereasonedthattheneedlecouldprickpapertapetorecordamessage.Hisexperimentsledhimtotryastylusonatinfoilcylinder,which,tohisgreatsurprise,playedbacktheshortmessageherecorded,"Maryhadalittlelamb."

　　ThewordphonographwasthetradenameforEdison'sdevice,whichplayedcylindersratherthandiscs.Themachinehadtwoneedles:oneforrecordingandoneforplayback.Whenyouspokeintothemouthpiece,thesoundvibrationsofyourvoicewouldbeindentedontothecylinderbytherecordingneedle.ThiscylinderphonographwasthefirstmachinethatcouldrecordandreproducesoundcreatedasensationandbroughtEdisoninternationalfame.

　　August12,1877,isthedatepopularlygivenforEdison'scompletionofthemodelforthefirstphonograph.Itismorelikely,however,thatworkonthemodelwasnotfinisheduntilNovemberorDecemberofthatyear,sincehedidnotfileforthepatentuntilDecember24,1877.Hetouredthecountrywiththetinfoilphonograph,andwasinvitedtotheWhiteHousetodemonstrateittoPresidentRutherfordB.HayesinApril1878.

　　In1878,ThomasEdisonestablishedtheEdisonSpeakingPhonographCompanytosellthenewmachine.Hesuggestedotherusesforthephonograph,suchas:letterwritinganddictation,phonographicbooksforblindpeople,afamilyrecord(recordingfamilymembersintheirownvoices),musicboxesandtoys,clocksthatannouncethetime,andaconnectionwiththetelephonesocommunicationscouldberecorded.

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