JoanneRowling,OBE(born31July1965)isanEnglishfictionwriterwhowritesunderthepennameJ.K.Rowling.RowlingistheauthoroftheHarryPotterfantasyseries,whichhasgainedinternationalattention,wonmultipleawards,andsoldover375millioncopiesworldwide.InFebruary2004,Forbesmagazineestimatedherfortuneat£576million(justoverUS$1billion),makingherthefirstpersontobecomeaUS-dollarbillionairebywritingbooks.RowlingearnedUS$75millionin2005.In2006,Forbesnamedherthesecondrichestfemaleentertainerintheworld,behindtalkshowhostOprahWinfrey

　　JoanneRowlingwasbornatYate,northeastofBristol,SouthGloucestershire,Englandon31July1965.HersisterDianne(Di)wasbornattheirhomewhenRowlingwas23monthsold.ThefamilymovedtothenearbyvillageWinterbournewhenRowlingwasfourwheresheattendedStMichael'sPrimarySchool,latermovingtoTutshill,nearChepstow,SouthWalesattheageofnine.SheattendedsecondaryschoolatWyedeanSchoolandCollege.Rowlingwasgoodwithlanguages,butdidnotexcelatsportsandmathematics.TherearenumerousWelshreferencestoplaces,thingsandpeopleinHarryPotter,whichcouldbeattributedtohertimeinChepstow.

　　InDecember1990,Rowling’smothersuccumbedtoa10-year-longbattlewithmultiplesclerosis.Rowlingcommented,“IwaswritingHarryPotteratthemomentmymotherdied.IhadnevertoldheraboutHarryPotter.

　　AfterstudyingFrenchandClassicsattheUniversityofExeter(shehadpreviouslyappliedtoOxfordbutwasturneddown),withayearofstudyinParis,shemovedtoLondontoworkasaresearcherandbilingualsecretaryforAmnestyInternational.Duringthisperiod,whileshewasonafour-hourdelayed-traintripbetweenManchesterandLondon,shehadtheideaforastoryofayoungboyattendingaschoolofwizardry.WhenshehadreachedherClaphamJunctionflat,shebeganwritingimmediately.

　　RowlingthenmovedtoPorto,PortugaltoteachEnglishasaforeignlanguage.Whilethere,shemarriedPortuguesetelevisionjournalistJorgeAranteson16October1992.Theyhadonechild,Jessica,whowasnamedafterRowling’sheroine,JessicaMitford.Theydivorcedin1993afterafightinwhichJorgethrewheroutofthehouse.

　　InDecember1994,RowlingandherdaughtermovedtobenearRowling’ssisterinEdinburgh,Scotland.Unemployedandlivingonstatebenefits,shecompletedherfirstnovel.ShedidmuchoftheworkintheElephantHousecaféwhenevershecouldgetJessicatofallasleep.Therewasarumourthatshewroteinlocalcaféstoescapefromherunheatedflat,butina2001BBCinterviewRowlingremarked,“IamnotstupidenoughtorentanunheatedflatinEdinburghinmidwinter.Ithadheating.”

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