Absent.TODD,J.

　　APPEALfromthesentenceoftheCircuitCourtforthedistrictofGeorgia,affirmingthatoftheCircuitCourtwhichcondemnedthecargooftheRussianshipHazard,asBritishproperty.

　　TheHazardwascapturedinDecember,1813,about6milesfromthelandofAmeliaIsland,byaboatfromtheUnitedStatesFlotilla,andcarriedintoSt.Mary's,inGeorgia.Theboardingofficer,afterexaminingtheship'spapers,returnedthemtothecaptain,andaskedthecaptain'spermissiontostayonboardthatnight,whichwasgranted;andattherequestofthecaptaintheboardingofficerassistedinpilotingtheshipoverthebarofSt.Mary'sriver,andbroughthertoanchor,afterwhichheaskedagainfortheship'spapersandthendeclaredhisintentiontotaketheshiptoSt.Mary's.ThecaptaininhisproteststatesthattheshipanchorednearertotheSpanishshoreandharbourthantoanyother.ThecargowasclaimedinbehalfofLuning,Gogel&Co.ofGottenburg.

　　CHARLTONandP.B.KEY,fortheAppellants,contended,

　　1.ThatinasmuchasRussiaandtheUnitedStates,hadbothadoptedtheprinciplesofthearmedneutrality,theprinciple,thatfreeshipsshouldmakefreegroods,was,asbetweenthosetwonations,tobeconsideredaspartofthelawofnations,andthatthecargowasprotectedbytheRussianflag.

　　2.ThatthecapturewasmadewithintheterritorialjurisdictionofSpain,andthereforevoid.

　　3.Thattheboardingofficerpractisedarusedeguerre,notjustifiabletowardsaneutral.Fraudinwarmaybepractisedtowardsanenemy,butnottowardsafriend.Duponceau'sBynkershoek,15.ThereoughttohavebeenavismajoronthepartoftheAmericans.Theyoughtnottohavedecoyedthevesseloutofneutralwatersinordertocaptureher.

　　4.ThatthetestimonywasnotsufficienttocounteractthedocumentaryevidenceastotheinterestoftheClaimants.And,

　　5.ThatastheoriginalGermaninstructionsfromLunning,Gogel&Co.weretakenawaybythecaptors,andnotproducedonthetrial,theClaimantsoughttobeallowedtimeforfurtherproof.

　　JONESandPINKNEY,contra,insisted.

　　1.ThattherewasnofoundationfortheideathattherecanbealawofnationsinforcebetweenRussiaandtheUnitedStates,whichisnotequallyinforcebetweentheUnitedStatesandallothernations.TheUnitedStatesdonotcontendthatbythelawofnationsfreeshipsmakefreegoods.

　　2.ThatthereisnofoundationinfactfortheallegationthattheshipwascapturedwithinthejurisdictionofSpain;andiftherewas,Spainhasnotcomplained.

　　3.Theartificeused,(ifanywasused)wasperfectlyjustifiable.Aneutralvesselmustsubmitatallevents.ThedeceitproducednoeffectofwhichtheClaimantscancomplain.

　　4.Thattheevidenceoffraud,intheuseofthenamesofLuning,Gogel&Co.tocoverthispropertywastoomanifesttorequireargument.And,

　　5.Thatinacasesoclearlyfraudulentasthis,furtherproofoughtnottobeallowed.ItisallegedthattheGermaninstructionshavebeenfraudulentlywithheldbythecaptors;theircontentshavebeenstatedinsubstancebythesupercargo;andiftheywereheretheycouldnotalterthestateofthecase.