Heaskediftheyhadsomefoodtoeat.(any改成some,have改成had)
引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语.例如:
Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."
约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去."(引号内是直接引语)
JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦.(宾语从句是间接引语)
由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:
1.直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等.
Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-'Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等.
(1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句.
Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"
→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.
Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?"
→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.
(2)选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句.
Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"
→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句.
Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"
→HeaskedmewhereIlived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语(don't变为not).
Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.
Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don'tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.
[注意]
(1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述.例如:
Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."
→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.
(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.
→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.
"Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.
→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.
"Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.
→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导.
Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"
→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态.如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:
(1)一般现在时变为一般过去时
(2)现在进行时变为过去进行时
(3)一般将来时变为过去将来时
(4)现在完成时变为过去完成时
(5)一般过去时变为过去完成时
(6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
[注意]
(1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如:
Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."
→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
(2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时.如:
Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."
→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如:
Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."
→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如:
Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."
→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变.如:
Hesaidtome,"Ihavetaugh