英语翻译Theconceptionofpovertyandw-查字典问答网
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  英语翻译Theconceptionofpovertyandwhattodoaboutwhattodoaboutithavechangedoverthedecades.UnderSocialDarwinismthelazyandtheinefficientweresupposedtobeatthebottomoftheeconomicladderasaconsequenceofthe"lawof

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  Theconceptionofpovertyandwhattodoaboutwhattodoaboutithavechangedoverthedecades.UnderSocialDarwinismthelazyandtheinefficientweresupposedtobeatthebottomoftheeconomicladderasaconsequenceofthe"lawofsurvivalofthefittest."Societywasconceivedasanetworkofself-sufficientfamilieswhichprovidedfortheirown.Needypersonsoutsideahousehold(orphans,childlesselderly,andthecrippled)wereproveidedoutdoorreliefgrudginglyandasatemporaryexpedient.Althoughitwasagreedthe"poorwillalwaysbewithus,"theindividualwasexpectedtoimprovehimselfthroughactsofhisownwill.Charitywasthoughttobeencouragedtoworkharder.

  Atabouttheturnofthecentury,thecloseingofthefrontierandthebeginningofconcernaboutnaturalresourcesbroughtuneasinessaboutthepossiblespreadofbaggary.Thepoorwereapotentiallydangerouscalssintermsofdiseaseanddisorder.The"poor"wereseenasdifferentfrom"paupers."Pauperswereindividualswelladjustedtobeingonthelowendofthesocioeconomicscale.Withoutshameorbitterness,theyworldnotseekindependenceanda"betterlife."Forthemountaineers,subsistencedwellers,andsomeslumdwellers,thelackofwealth,ithasbeenargued,reflectsapreferencenottopaythepsychologicalcostsofthestruggleforrichesorofadoptingthemiddle-classworkethicofstriving.Incontrast,theworthypoorstruggledtoimprovetheirlotagainstcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol:lowwages,sickness,industrailaccidents,widowhood,andsoon.

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2020-03-1801:40
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黄明键

  过去十年里,对贫困的定义及如何应对贫困已发生了变化.根据社会达尔文主义,懒惰及无能之辈在经济上将处于社会的底层,这是适者生存定律的体现.社会被看作是由一个个自给自足的家庭组成的网络.人们向无家可归的孤儿、孤...

2020-03-18 01:44:06
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