英语翻译Theconceptionofpovertyandwhattodoaboutwhattodoaboutithavechangedoverthedecades.UnderSocialDarwinismthelazyandtheinefficientweresupposedtobeatthebottomoftheeconomicladderasaconsequenceofthe"lawof

　　英语翻译

　　Theconceptionofpovertyandwhattodoaboutwhattodoaboutithavechangedoverthedecades.UnderSocialDarwinismthelazyandtheinefficientweresupposedtobeatthebottomoftheeconomicladderasaconsequenceofthe"lawofsurvivalofthefittest."Societywasconceivedasanetworkofself-sufficientfamilieswhichprovidedfortheirown.Needypersonsoutsideahousehold(orphans,childlesselderly,andthecrippled)wereproveidedoutdoorreliefgrudginglyandasatemporaryexpedient.Althoughitwasagreedthe"poorwillalwaysbewithus,"theindividualwasexpectedtoimprovehimselfthroughactsofhisownwill.Charitywasthoughttobeencouragedtoworkharder.

　　Atabouttheturnofthecentury,thecloseingofthefrontierandthebeginningofconcernaboutnaturalresourcesbroughtuneasinessaboutthepossiblespreadofbaggary.Thepoorwereapotentiallydangerouscalssintermsofdiseaseanddisorder.The"poor"wereseenasdifferentfrom"paupers."Pauperswereindividualswelladjustedtobeingonthelowendofthesocioeconomicscale.Withoutshameorbitterness,theyworldnotseekindependenceanda"betterlife."Forthemountaineers,subsistencedwellers,andsomeslumdwellers,thelackofwealth,ithasbeenargued,reflectsapreferencenottopaythepsychologicalcostsofthestruggleforrichesorofadoptingthemiddle-classworkethicofstriving.Incontrast,theworthypoorstruggledtoimprovetheirlotagainstcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol:lowwages,sickness,industrailaccidents,widowhood,andsoon.

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