英语翻译Ourresultsalsosuggestthatdeceptionitselfcanfacilitateself-justification.Inourstudy,peoplewerefarmorelikelytobothmisrepresenttheirperformance(inawaythatjustifiedtakingunearnedmoney)andthentakeunearnedmoney

　　英语翻译

　　Ourresultsalsosuggestthatdeceptionitselfcanfacilitateself-justification.Inourstudy,peoplewerefarmorelikelytobothmisrepresenttheirperformance(inawaythatjustifiedtakingunearnedmoney)andthentakeunearnedmoneythantheyweretosimplytakeunearnedmoney.

　　Inpractice,anumberoffactorsarelikelytomoderatetherelationshipbetweengoalsettingandunethicalbehavior.Forexample,inourstudyweemphasizedparticipantanonymity.Thisaspectofourdesignsimulatedmanyorganizationalsettings,suchasthatofaconsultantreportingthenumberofhoursshehasworked.Inmanyothersettings,however,anindividual’sproductivityismoretransparent,andpeopleareheldaccountableforspecificoutcomes.Inthesecontexts,goalsettingmaynotsignificantlyincreaseunethicalbehavior.

　　Anotherpotentialmoderatoroftherelationshipbetweengoalsettingandunethicalbehavioristhesourceofagoal.Inthisexperimentweonlyconsideredtheinfluenceofexogenousgoals.Quitepossibly,self-generatedgoalswouldinfluenceunethicalbehaviordifferently.

　　Futureworkshouldalsoexaminetheeffectsofgoalfailuremorebroadly.Unlikepriorgoalsettingwork,thisstudyimposedaone-minutelimitonthewordcreationtask.Thisaspectofourdesignincreasedthelikelihoodofgoalfailurebut,notably,italsoweakenedthelinkbetweengoalsettingandperformance.Priorworkhasshownthatgoalsettingimpactsperformancebymotivatingpeopletoworkmorepersistently(seeLocke&Latham,1990),andotherscholarswhohaveusedsimilarwordcreationtaskswithlongertimelimits(suchasthreeminutes)havedocumentedsignificantrelationshipsbetweengoalsettingandperformance(Vance&Colella,1990).

　　Instudyingunethicalbehavior,oneimportantissuetodisentangleiswhetherthetypeofbehaviorweobservedresultsfromcarelessmistakesordeliberateactions.Importantly,ourpatternofresultssupportsthepropositionthatmanyofthesecaseswerecalculatedlies.First,wefoundthattheover-andunderstatementscoreswerenotsignificantlydifferentfromeachotherforthedo-your-bestconditionparticipants,whohadnoincentivetooverstateperformance.Second,wefoundthattheoverstatementsco