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　　ShortlyafterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,theChinesegovernmenttookeducationasamatterofprimaryimportance,andmadeenhancingtheculturalqualityofthepeoplethebasisoftheconstructionofthenation.

　　Before1949,Chinahadapopulationofnearly500million,ofwhom80percentwereilliterate.Proceedingfromreformingtheeducationalsystem,theChinesegovernmentmadeanoverallplanandadjusteditseducationalpolicies,withtheresultthatthenumberofstudentsincreasedrapidly.Currently,91percentofthecountryhasinstitutedcompulsoryprimaryeducation,withnearly99percentofschool-agechildrenareenrolledinschools.

　　Thedropoutratehasdecreasedandtheilliteracyrateofyoungandmiddle-agedpeoplehasdeclinedtolessthansevenpercent.Sincetheinitiationofthereformandopeningpoliciesin1978,markedbytherestorationofthehigher-educationexaminationsystem,China'seducationgotontheroadtoaccelerateddevelopment.

　　AsoneoftheprioritiesofChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment,educationisamatterofgreatconcerntothegovernment.Thedecisiveguidingprinciplethat"Educationshouldbegearedtotheneedsofmodernization,oftheworldandofthefuture"(MessagewrittenforJingshanSchoolbyDengXiaopingonOctober1,1983)haspromotedthespeedydevelopmentofChina'seducationalundertakings.Chinahasattainedconsiderableachievementsattractingworldwideattentionineducation.

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　　Accordingtothelateststatistics,bytheendof1998therewere1,022universitiesandcollegesinChina,with3.41millionstudents,ofwhich1.08millionweretheyear'snewrecruits;736graduatetrainingunitswith199,000students,ofwhich73,000weretheyear'snewrecruits;962adulthigher-learninginstitutionswith2.82millionstudents,ofwhichonemillionweretheyear'snewrecruits;17,106secondaryspecialandtechnicalschoolsandvocationhighschools,with11.26millionstudents(ofwhich,1.73millionweretechnicalschoolstudents),accountingfor55percentofthetotalstudentsinhighschools.

　　Therewere54.5millionjuniormiddleschoolstudentsnationwide,withanenrollmentrateof87.3percent;139.54millionprimaryschoolpupils,with98.9percentoftheschool-agechildrenenrolled.Thedropoutratesofthestudentsofordinaryjuniormiddleschoolsandprimaryschoolswere3.23percentand0.93percent,respectively.

　　Therewere2.51millionpeoplestudyinginvocationalsecondaryschoolsforadults;86.82millionpersonstrainedinadulttechnicaltrainingschools;and3.21millionilliteratepeoplebecameliterate.Thecross-centuryperiodisanimportantphaseinChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment.