虚拟语气中should的用法高手指教
虚拟语气中should的用法高手指教
虚拟语气中should的用法高手指教
虚拟语气中should的用法高手指教
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might+动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词.如:
IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.(现在)
Ifitshouldrain,wewouldn”tgoout.(将来)
IfIknewGerman,Iwouldreadthepapertoyou.(现在)
Ifhewerehere,wecouldaskhim.(现在)
(2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might+have+过去分词).如:
IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
Shewould/mighthavecomeifshehadn”tbeensobusy.
IfIhadn”ttakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake.
Ifonlyyouhadn”ttoldhimthenews.
(3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装.如:
Hadtheytime(=Iftheyhadtime),theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.
Shoulditbefine(=Ifitshouldbefine),wewouldgoforanouting.
WereIgo(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgo.
(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式.如:
Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),Itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).
IfIhadtakenyouradvice(过去),Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow(现在).
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等.在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符.如:
Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.
Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed.
IwishIwereasstrongasyou.
wouldratherthatyouhadn”ttoldhim.
3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural;Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed;itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形.如:
Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.
ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi(should)giveusaspeech.
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.
4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法.
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形.如:
Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.
Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforDoctorLi.
Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?
5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在asif引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在sothat,inorderthat引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气.如:
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother.
Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain.
6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
在itistime后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟