【Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindareprone,nosuperhumangeniusisrequired．Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyou,notfromallerror,butfromsillyerror．Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservation,maketheobservati】

　　Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindareprone,nosuperhumangeniusisrequired．Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyou,notfromallerror,butfromsillyerror．

　　Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservation,maketheobservationyourself．Aristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthat(31)______,bythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted．Ibelievemyselfthathedgehogseatblackbeetles,because(32)______；butifIwerewritingabookonthehabitsofhedgehogs,Ishouldnotcommitmyselfuntil(33)______．Aristotle,however,waslesscautious．Ancientandmedievalauthorsknewallaboutunicornsandsalamanders；notoneofthemthoughtitnecessarytoavoiddogmaticstatementsaboutthembecause(34)______.

　　Manymatters,however,arelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience．If,likemostofmankind,(35)______therearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownbias．Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignthat(36)______．Ifsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefive,orthatIcelandisontheequator,youfeelpityratherthananger,unless(37)______thathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction．Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway．Persecutionisusedintheology,notinarithmetic,because(38)______,butintheologythereisonlyopinion．Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinion,(39)______；youwillprobablyfind,onexamination,that(40)______．Itisagoodwayofridingyourselfofcertainkindsofbiasedopinionstobecomeawareofthosedifferentfromyourown．

　　(FromHowtoAvoidtheFoolishOpinions)

　　[A]Ihavebeentoldthattheydo

　　[B]beonyourguard

　　[C]hehadneverseenoneofthem

　　[D]Ihadseenoneenjoyingthisunappetizingdiet

　　[E]youaresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo

　　[F]manisabriefepisodeinthelifeofasmallplanetinalittlecomeroftheuniverse

　　[G]youknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeography

　　[H]thequestionisonetowhichthereisnodemonstrablyrightanswer

　　[I]womenhavefewerteeththanmen

　　[J]yourbelie