【Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchlargenumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustoremovethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilitybutnowwehave】

　　Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchlargenumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustoremovethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilitybutnowwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssureof.Quitesooninonly10or20yearsperhapswewillbeabletofitamachineascomplexasthehumanbrainandifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetomakeitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbychangingthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.

　　Ithinkitcertainthatindecadesnotcenturiesmachinesofsilicon（硅）willarisefirsttorival（竞争）andthengobeyondtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheygobeyondustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.

　　Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiersfirstonearththroughtheirabilitytoresistenvironmentsharmfultoourselves.Thusdesertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtheraheadbyacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovidetheconstructionofavastman-createdworldinspacehometothousandsormillionsofpeoplewillbewithinourpower.

　　1．Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?

　　A．Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdesertsoceansorspace.

　　B．Byworkinghardfor10or20years.

　　C．Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.

　　D．Byreproducingit.

　　2．Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?

　　A．Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.

　　B．Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.

　　C．Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.

　　D．Hedoesn’tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.

　　3．Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen .

　　A．itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion

　　B．itisabletobeartheroughenvironment

　　C．itismadeascomp