被动语态和主动语态不会
被动语态和主动语态不会
被动语态和主动语态不会
被动语态和主动语态不会
动词的语态
一、动词的语态的种类:主动语态和被动语态.
二、被动语态的构成方式:be+过去分词.在语态中,各种时态谓语动词的被动形式如:
时态x09被动语态的构成
一般现在时x09am/is/aredone
一般过去时x09was/weredone
一般将来时x09shall/willbedone
过去将来时x09am/is/arebeingdone
现在进行时x09was/werebeingdone
过去进行时x09have/hasbeendone
现在完成时x09hadbeendone
过去完成时x09should/would+bedone
情态动词x09情态动词+be+过去分词
E.g.(1)一般现在时:NowEnglishistaughtinallmiddleschoolsinourcountry.
(2)一般过去时:TheGreathallofthePeoplewasbuiltin1959.
(3)一般将来时:Whenwilltheworkbefinished?
(4))过去将来时:Hetoldusthattheworkwouldbefinishedthenextday.
(5)现在进行时:Yourtractorisbeingrepairednow.
(6)过去进行时:Thechildwasbeingexaminedbythedoctorwhentheycamein.
(7)现在完成时:Theworkhasn’tbeenfinishedyet.
(8)过去完成:Thenewplanhadbeencarriedoutbeforethesecondexperimentbegan.
(9)情态动词:Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.
三、主动语态转换为被动语态要注意的几点:1、带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,若主动语态动词后又有直接宾语,又有间接宾语,.一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语,将直接宾语保留在原处.但若将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语,则将间接宾语保留在原处时,一般要在间接宾语前加介词to(此类动词为:bring,hand,leave,lend,read,pass,promise,refuse,return,send,shoe,tell,throw,write)或for(此类动词为:buy,do,get,make,order,pay,play,sing)等.
E.g.(1)Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.→Iwastoldaninterestingstorylastnight.
→Aninterestingstorywastoldtomelastnight.
(2)Sheboughtmeabike.Iwasboughtabike(byher).
Abikewasboughtforme(byher).
2、若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to".此类动词为感官动词(如:feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch)和使役动词(如:make,have,let等).
E.g.(1)Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.
(2)Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).
3、短语动词是一个整体变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词.(如:setup,payattentionto,takegoodcareof,hearof,listento,lookafter)
E.g(1).Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).(2)Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.
4、含有情态动词和begoingto,beto,oughtto,usedto,haveto等的结构变被动语态,需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词.E.g.Weoughttofinishtheworkontime.Theworkoughttobefinishedontime.
5、当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补.(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示.E.g.(A)Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.
Heissaidtobeasmartboy.
(B)PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.
PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.
类似句型有:Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisthoughtthat…Itissuggestedthat…据建议……,Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然……,Ithasbeendecidedthat…Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是……等.
E.g.ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.
6、不能用被动语态的几种情况:
(1)动词sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run,sel