Cloze3TheInternetseemssoinformation-age31itsdevoteesmightfindthecircumstancesofitsbirthhardto32.Morethananythingelse,thecomputernetwork33tensofmillionsofusersstandsasamodernmonumenttomilitaryplansforfightingth
Cloze3
TheInternetseemssoinformation-age31itsdevoteesmightfindthecircumstancesofitsbirthhardto32.Morethananythingelse,thecomputernetwork33tensofmillionsofusersstandsasamodernmonumenttomilitaryplansforfightingthreewars.Specifically,theNetowesexistence34AlliedbattlestrategiesduringWorldWarII,tothegeopoliticalpressuresoftheColdWar,andtopreparationsforthenuclearholocaust(thenever-fought“finalwar”withtheSovietUnion).
Aswithmostgreatadvancesinthehistoryofideas,therewasnoone35Internetevent.Itbeganwithamodestanalyticalsystem,devisedinWorldWarII,thatsetthestageforthesupportiveresearchenvironmentandthekeytechnicaldevelopmentsthatproducedtoday’sglobalnetwork.
Theanalyticalsystem,36operationsresearch(O.R.),appliedscientificmodelingprinciples37militaryplanning.ThefirstO.R.wasdonefortheAlliesbymilitaryscientistsandciviliantechnologists.
38thevictoriesinEuropeandJapan,Americanmilitaryplannersturned39totheirnewColdWaradversaries(对手),primarilytheSovietUnion,butalsoChina.ThethreeU.S.militaryservicescontracted(承包,把…包给)outO.R.worktouniversitiesandnonprofitcorporations.Thisproduced,amongothers,theCenterforNavalAnalysis,theArmy-backedOperationsResearchOffice,and,perhapsthe40effectiveofall,theRANDCorporation,theAirForce’sprincipaladvisoryorganization.TheDefenseDepartmentcreatedyetanotherO.R.group,theAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,andchargeditwithdoling(少量地发放)outhigh-techresearchfunds.
31.A.toB.that
C.whenD.if
32.A.havinggraspedB.grasping
C.havegraspedD.grasp
33.A.toconnectB.thatconnecting
C.connectingD.connected
34.A.ofB.to
C.withD.for
35.A.definingB.thatdefining
C.thatdefinedD.defined
36.A.callingB.naming
C.calledD.thatcalling
37.A.toB.with
C.astoD.by
38.A.FollowedB.Afterfollowing
C.AfterfollowedD.Following
39.A.noticeB.attention
C.eyeD.mind
40.A.mostB.more
C.veryD.quite
