万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕急啊-查字典问答网
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  万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕急啊

  万圣节的习俗〔翻译成英语〕

  急啊

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2019-09-0605:12
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郭天石

  NexttoChristmas,HalloweenisthemostcommercializedcelebrationintheUnitedStatesandCanada.ThisancientfestivaloriginatedfarfromNorthAmericahowever,andcenturiesbeforethefirstEuropeansetfootonthecontinent.

  TheancientDruidswhoinhabitedwhatwenowcallGreatBritainplacedgreatimportanceonthepassingofoneseasontothenext,holding"FireFestivals"whichwerecelebratedforthreedays(twodaysoneithersideofthedayitself).

  OneofthesefestivalswascalledSamhain(pronouncedSha-Von)andittookplaceonOctober31throughtoNovember1.Duringthisperiod,itwasbelievedthattheboundariesbetweenourworldandtheworldofthedeadwereweakened,allowingspiritsoftherecentlydeadtocrossoverandpossesstheliving.

  Inordertomakethemselvesandtheirhomeslessinvitingtothesewaywardspirits,theancientCeltswoulddousealltheirfires.Therewasalsoasecondarypurposetothis,afterextinguishingalltheirfires,theywouldre-lightthemfromacommonsource,theDruidicfirethatwaskeptburningatUsinach,intheMiddleofIreland.

  Samhainwasconsideredtobeagatewaynotonlyfromthelandofthedeadtothelandoftheliving,butalsobetweenSummerandFall/Winter.FortheDruids,thiswasthelastgaspofsummer(itwasalsotheCelticNewYear),sothereforetheymadesureitwentoutwithabangbeforetheyhadtobuttondownforthewinterahead.

  Theywoulddressupinbizarrecostumesandparadethroughtheirvillagescausingdestructioninordertoscareoffanyrecentlydepartedsoulswhomightbeprowlingforbodiestoinhabit,inadditiontoburninganimalsandotherofferingstotheDruidicdeities.Itisalsoapopularbeliefthattheywouldburnpeoplewhotheybelievedtobepossessed,butthishaslargelybeendebunkedasmyth.

  ThisyearlyfestivalwasadoptedbytheRomaninvaders,whohelpedtopropagateitthroughouttherestoftheworld(andatthattime,theRomanEmpirewastheworld).Theword"Halloween"itselfactuallycomesfromacontractionofAllHallowsEve,orAllSaint'sDay(November1),whichisaCatholicdayofobservanceinhonorofsaints.

  ThistraditionwaslaterbroughttotheNorthAmericancontinentbyIrishimmigrantswhowereescapingthePotatoFamineintheirhomeland.Inadditiontothefestivalitself,theimmigrantsbroughtseveralcustomswiththem,includingoneofthesymbolsmostcommonlyassociatedwithHalloween--theJack'OLantern.

  AccordingtoIrishfolklore,thereoncelivedamannamedJackwhowasknownforbeingadrunkandaprankster.OnenightJacktrickedthedevilintoclimbingatree,andquicklycarvedanimageofacrossonthetrunk,trappingthedevil.Jackthenmadehimpromisethat,inexchangeforlettinghimoutofthetree,theDevilwouldnevertempthimtosinagain.Hereluctantlyagreed,butwasabletoexacthisrevengeuponJack'sdeath.Becauseofhismischievouswaysinlife,Jackwasbarredfromenteringheavenandbecauseofhisearliertrick,hewasalsobarredfromhell.Sohewasdoomedtowandertheearthuntiltheendoftime,withonlyasingleember(carriedinahollowedoutturnip.towarmhimandlighthisway.

  InIreland,theyoriginallyalsousedturnipsfortheir"JackLanterns",butuponarrivinginthenewworld,theydiscoveredthatpumpkinswereabundantandeasiertocarveout.

2019-09-06 05:15:34
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