100分悬赏英语论文,关于历史的.greathistoria-查字典问答网
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  100分悬赏英语论文,关于历史的.greathistorianwhowrotetheearlychinesecivilisationduringthehandynasty应该是要写司马迁的.700-800个英文单词限时:10月15日前.奖励的分数到120了,希望大家尽快给个不错

  100分悬赏英语论文,关于历史的.

  greathistorianwhowrotetheearlychinesecivilisationduringthehandynasty

  应该是要写司马迁的.

  700-800个英文单词

  限时:10月15日前.

  奖励的分数到120了,希望大家尽快给个不错的参考。

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2020-10-2020:47
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柴艳

  SimaQian(ca.145–86BC)wasaPrefectoftheGrandScribesoftheHanDynasty.HeisregardedasthefatherofChinesehistoriographybecauseofhishighlypraisedwork,RecordsoftheGrandHistorian,anoverviewofthehistoryofChinacoveringmorethantwothousandyearsfromtheYellowEmperortoEmperorHanWudi.HisdefinitiveworklaidthefoundationforlaterChinesehistoriography.

  SimaQianwasbornandgrewupinLongmen,nearpresent-dayHancheng,Shaanxi.Hewasraisedinafamilyofhistoriographers.Hisfather,SimaTan,servedasthePrefectoftheGrandScribesofEmperorWuofHan(Emperor"HanWudi").Hismainresponsibilitiesweremanagingtheimperiallibraryandcalendarwatching(fornationalday).Undertheinfluenceofhisfather,attheageoften,SimaQianwasalreadywellversedinoldwritings.HewasthestudentofthefamousConfuciansKongAnguoandDongZhongshu.Attheageoftwenty,withthesupportofhisfather,SimaQianstartedajourneythroughoutthecountry,collectingusefulfirst-handhistoricalrecordsforhismainwork,Shiji.Thepurposeofhisjourneywastoverifytheancientrumorsandlegendsandtovisitancientmonuments,includingtherenownedgravesoftheancientsagekingsYuandShun.PlaceshehadvisitedincludeShandong,Yunnan,Hebei,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,JiangxiandHunan.

  Afterhistravels,hewaschosentobeaPalaceAttendantinthegovernmentwhosedutiesweretoinspectdifferentpartsofthecountrywithEmperorHanWudi.In110BC,attheageofthirty-five,SimaQianwassentwestwardonamilitaryexpeditionagainstsome"barbarian"tribes.Thatyear,hisfatherfellillandcouldnotattendtheImperialFengSacrifice.Suspectinghistimewasrunningout,hesummonedhissonbacktocompletethehistoricalworkhehadbegun.SimaTanwantedtofollowtheAnnalsofSpringandAutumn-thefirstchronicleinthehistoryofChineseliterature.Fuelledbyhisfather'sinspiration,SimaQianstartedtocompileShijiin109BC.In105BC,Simawasamongthescholarschosentoreformthecalendar.Asaseniorimperialofficial,Simawasalsointhepositiontooffercounseltotheemperorongeneralaffairsofstate.

  PortraitofSimaQian

  PortraitofSimaQian

  In99BC,SimaQiangotinvolvedintheLiLingAffair:LiLingandLiGuangli,twomilitaryofficerswholedacampaignagainsttheXiongnuinthenorth,weredefeatedandtakencaptive.EmperorHanWudiattributedthedefeattoLiLing,andalltheofficialsinthegovernmentcondemnedLiLingforthedefeat.SimawastheonlypersontodefendLiLing,whohadneverbeenhisfriendbutwhomherespected.EmperorHanWudiinterpretedSima’sdefenceofLiLingasanattackonhisbrother-in-law,whohadalsofoughtagainsttheXiongnuwithoutmuchsuccess,andsentencedSimatodeath.Atthattime,executioncouldbecommutedeitherbymoneyorcastration.SinceSimadidnothaveenoughmoneytoatonehis"crime",hechosethelatterandwasthenthrownintoprison,whereheenduredthreeyears.Hedescribedhispainthus:"Whenyouseethejaileryouabjectlytouchthegroundwithyourforehead.Atthemeresightofhisunderlingsyouareseizedwithterror...Suchignominycanneverbewipedaway."

  In96BC,onhisreleasefromprison,Simachosetoliveonasapalaceeunuchsoastocompletehishistories,ratherthancommitsuicideaswasexpectedofagentleman-scholar.AsSimaQian'swordsexplained:

2020-10-20 20:50:01
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