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  高一至高三化学方程式

  高一至高三化学方程式

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2019-05-2217:09
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  高中化学方程式一、非金属单质(F2,Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si,H)1、氧化性:F2+H2===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)

  F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2

  2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4(XeF4是强氧化剂,能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)

  2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2(水是还原剂)

  2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O

  F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2

  F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2

  F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2

  7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7

  F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF(ClF属于类卤素:ClF+H2O==HF+HClO)3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3(ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3)

  Cl2+H22HCl(将H2在Cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)

  3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5Cl2+2Na2NaCl

  3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2

  Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3(在水溶液中:Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl)Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2

  Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2Cl2+2I=2Cl+I2

  3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3

  3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3–

  5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl

  5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+

  Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓

  Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓(水溶液中:Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓

  Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl

  Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl–

  Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O22O2+3FeFe3O4O2+K===KO2S+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+ZnZnS

  S+FeFeS(既能由单质制取,又能由离子制取)

  S+2CuCu2S(只能由单质制取,不能由离子制取)3S+2AlAl2S3(只能由单质制取,不能由离子制取)

  N2+3H22NH3N2+3MgMg3N2N2+3CaCa3N2N2+3BaBa3N2N2+6Na2Na3NN2+6K2K3NN2+6Rb2Rb3NN2+2Al2AlN

  P4+6H24PH3P+3NaNa3P2P+3ZnZn3P2

  H2+2Li2LiH2、还原性S+O2SO2S+H2SO4(浓)3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O

  S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+

  3S+4HNO3(稀)3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O

  3S+4H++43SO2+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O22NO

  4P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)

  2P+3X22PX3(X表示F2,Cl2,Br2)PX3+X2PX5

  P4+20HNO3(浓)4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OC+2F2CF4C+2Cl2CCl4C+O2(足量)CO22C+O2(少量)2CO

  C+CO22COC+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)

  Si(粉)+O2SiO2Si+CSiC(金刚砂)

  Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑(Si+2OH+H2O=+2H2↑)3、歧化反应Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO(加碱或光照促进歧化:(Cl2+H2OH++Cl–+HClO)Cl2+2NaOH==NaCl+NaClO+H2O(Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)

  Cl2+2Ca(OH)2==CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O(Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)3Cl2+6KOH(浓)5KCl+KClO3+3H2O(3Cl2+6OH–5Cl–+ClO3–+3H2O)

  3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O(3S+6OH–2S2–+SO32–+3H2O)4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O==PH3↑+3KH2PO2(4P+3OH–+3H2O==PH3↑+3H2PO2–)11P+15CuSO4+24H2O==5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaOCaC2+CO↑

  3C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑二.金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu)的还原性2Na+H22NaH4Na+O2==2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O2

  2Na+O2Na2O22Na+S==Na2S(爆炸)

  2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2↑2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH―+H2↑2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2↑2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2―+H2↑

  4Na+TiCl44NaCl+TiMg+Cl2MgCl2Mg+Br2MgBr2

  2Mg+O22MgOMg+SMgS

  2Cu+SCu2S(Cu2S只能由单质制备)

  Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2↑2Mg+TiCl4Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbClMgCl2+2Rb2Mg+CO22MgO+C2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si

  Mg+H2S==MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑)2Al+3Cl22AlCl3

  4Al+3O2===2Al2O3(常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化,在氧气中燃烧)4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg(铝汞齐)4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr(铝热反应)

  2

2019-05-22 17:12:41
祁海明

  辛苦了其实我也是无聊随便问问没有学习的意思但既然有卖力的我也就笑纳了

2019-05-22 17:14:33
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