高一至高三化学方程式
高一至高三化学方程式
高一至高三化学方程式
高一至高三化学方程式
高中化学方程式一、非金属单质(F2,Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si,H)1、氧化性:F2+H2===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)
F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2
2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4(XeF4是强氧化剂,能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)
2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2(水是还原剂)
2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O
F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2
7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7
F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF(ClF属于类卤素:ClF+H2O==HF+HClO)3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3(ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3)
Cl2+H22HCl(将H2在Cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)
3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5Cl2+2Na2NaCl
3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2
Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3(在水溶液中:Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl)Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2
Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2Cl2+2I=2Cl+I2
3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3
3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3–
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl
5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+
Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓
Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓(水溶液中:Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓
Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl
Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl–
Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O22O2+3FeFe3O4O2+K===KO2S+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+ZnZnS
S+FeFeS(既能由单质制取,又能由离子制取)
S+2CuCu2S(只能由单质制取,不能由离子制取)3S+2AlAl2S3(只能由单质制取,不能由离子制取)
N2+3H22NH3N2+3MgMg3N2N2+3CaCa3N2N2+3BaBa3N2N2+6Na2Na3NN2+6K2K3NN2+6Rb2Rb3NN2+2Al2AlN
P4+6H24PH3P+3NaNa3P2P+3ZnZn3P2
H2+2Li2LiH2、还原性S+O2SO2S+H2SO4(浓)3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O
S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+
3S+4HNO3(稀)3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O
3S+4H++43SO2+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O22NO
4P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)
2P+3X22PX3(X表示F2,Cl2,Br2)PX3+X2PX5
P4+20HNO3(浓)4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OC+2F2CF4C+2Cl2CCl4C+O2(足量)CO22C+O2(少量)2CO
C+CO22COC+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)
Si(粉)+O2SiO2Si+CSiC(金刚砂)
Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑(Si+2OH+H2O=+2H2↑)3、歧化反应Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO(加碱或光照促进歧化:(Cl2+H2OH++Cl–+HClO)Cl2+2NaOH==NaCl+NaClO+H2O(Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)
Cl2+2Ca(OH)2==CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O(Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)3Cl2+6KOH(浓)5KCl+KClO3+3H2O(3Cl2+6OH–5Cl–+ClO3–+3H2O)
3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O(3S+6OH–2S2–+SO32–+3H2O)4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O==PH3↑+3KH2PO2(4P+3OH–+3H2O==PH3↑+3H2PO2–)11P+15CuSO4+24H2O==5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaOCaC2+CO↑
3C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑二.金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu)的还原性2Na+H22NaH4Na+O2==2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O2
2Na+O2Na2O22Na+S==Na2S(爆炸)
2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2↑2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH―+H2↑2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2↑2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2―+H2↑
4Na+TiCl44NaCl+TiMg+Cl2MgCl2Mg+Br2MgBr2
2Mg+O22MgOMg+SMgS
2Cu+SCu2S(Cu2S只能由单质制备)
Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2↑2Mg+TiCl4Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbClMgCl2+2Rb2Mg+CO22MgO+C2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si
Mg+H2S==MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑)2Al+3Cl22AlCl3
4Al+3O2===2Al2O3(常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化,在氧气中燃烧)4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg(铝汞齐)4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr(铝热反应)
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辛苦了其实我也是无聊随便问问没有学习的意思但既然有卖力的我也就笑纳了