【Sociologistshavelongrecognizedthatorganizationsoflessthan200individualscanoperatethroughthefreeflowofinformationamongthemembers.Oncetheirsizegoesbeyondthisfiguretheorganizationsaregettinglessflexible.So】

　　Sociologistshavelongrecognizedthatorganizationsoflessthan200individualscanoperatethroughthefreeflowofinformationamongthemembers.Oncetheirsizegoesbeyondthisfiguretheorganizationsaregettinglessflexible.Soitseemsnecessarytopreventtotaldisorderresultingfromfailuresofcommunication.

　　Onesolutiontothisproblemwouldofcoursebetostructurelargeorganizationsintosmallerunitsofasizethatcanactasagroup.Byallowingthesegroupstobuildrelianceoneachotherlargerorganizationscanbebuiltup.Howevermerelyhavinggroupsofsay150willneverofitselfbeacompletesolutiontotheproblemsoftheorganization.Somethingelseisneeded:thepeopleinvolvedmustbeabletobuilddirectpersonalrelationships.Toallowfreeflowofinformationtheyhavetobeabletocommunicatewitheachotherinacasualway.Maintainingtooformalastructureofrelationshipsinevitablypreventsthewayasystemworks.

　　TheimportanceofthiswasdrawntomyattentiontwoyearsagobythecaseofaTVstation.Whetherbychanceorbydesignitsohappenedthattherewerealmostexactly150peopleinthestation.Thewholeprocessworkedverysmoothlyasanorganizationformanyyearsuntiltheyweremovedintopurpose-builtaccommodation.Thenfornoapparentreasontheworkseemedtobemoredifficulttodonottosaylesssatisfying.

　　Itwassometimebeforetheyworkoutwhattheproblemwas.Itturnoutthatwhenthearchitectsweredesigningthenewbuildingtheydecidedthatthecoffeeroomwhereeveryoneatetheirsandwichesatlunchtimeswasanunnecessaryluxuryandsodidawaywithit.Andwiththattheyaccidentallydestroyedtheclosesocialnetworksthatstrengthenedthewholeorganization.Whathadapparentlybeenhappeningwasthataspeoplegatheredinformallyovertheirsandwichesinthecoffeeroomusefulinformationwascasuallybeingexchanged.

　　68．Whatsizeofanorganizationmayleadtocommunicationfailures?

　　A．Anorganizationoflessthan200individuals.

　　B．Anorganizationofmorethan200individuals.

　　C．Anorganizationoflessthan150individuals.

　　D．Anorganizationofmorethan150individuals.

　　69．Wecansolvethecommunicationproblemwithinalargeorganizationby