关于不定式符号to的省略在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?-查字典问答网
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来自倪守忠的问题

  关于不定式符号to的省略在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号后的内容?

  关于不定式符号to的省略

  在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号后的内容?

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2020-08-1100:29
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刘凤岐

  动词不定式中的省略现象

  动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况,一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略.

  一,省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况

  1.一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expectwanthopewishlovehatedecideplanmeantrywouldlikebereadybeafraidbeglad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to.例如:

  (1)-I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog

  -Notatall.I'dbegladto.

  (2)-Willyougowithme

  -Well,I'dliketo.

  (3)-Willyougohometomorrow

  -No.I'mgoingtoalecture,oratleastIamplanningto.

  2.不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式.例如:

  (1)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhimnotto.

  (2)You'dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyouto.

  3.在一些情态动词或助动词oughttohavetousedtobeableto后.例如:

  (1)-MustIgonow

  -No.Youdon'thaveto.

  (2)-Areyouplanningtoseeyourgrandfather

  -No.ButIoughtto.

  二,省略动词不定式符号to的情况

  1.动词不定式作感官动词feelseenoticewatchfindhearlistentoobserve和使役动词havemakelet等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to省略.如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外).例如:

  (1)Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome.

  (=Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.)

  (2)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood.

  (=Theyknewherverywell.Shewasseentogrowupfromchildhood.)

  注意:

  get作"使,让,叫某人做某事"时,要用getsb.todosth.结构.例如:

  MothergotTomtobuyapackofsugar.

  2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词andorthanbut连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to.但如果强调对比之意时不省略.例如:

  (1)She'dliketotakeoffhercoatandhaveabreak.

  (2)Thestudentsaretaughttoread,writeanddomanyotherthings.

  (3)It'smoredifficulttodothantosay.(强调语意前后对比)

  (4)Theteachercamenottopunishyoubuttohelpyou.(强调语意前后对比)

  (5)Iwonderedwhethertostudyortowork.(强调语意前后对比)

  3.不定式作表语,用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时,往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.例如:

  (1)Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankherforallherhelpduringhertraining.

  (2)Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandrest.

  (3)Whatadictionarydoesishelpthestudentstofindoutthemeaningandtheusageofnewwords.

  4.在why或whynot引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中.例如:

  (1)Whygetsoexcited

  (2)Whyquarrelwithyourmother

  (3)Whynotjoinus,Tom

  5.在一些类似情态动词词组hadbetterwouldratherhadbestratherthancan'tbutcan'thelpbut等之后.例如:

  (1)InChinaitisimportanttoinvestineducationratherthanincreasepersonalwages.

  (2)Jackwouldratherreadthantalk.

  (3)You'dbetterputonmoreclothes,oryou'llcatchabadcold.

  (4)Shedarestogotothelonelyislandbyherself.Ican'tbutadmireherbravery.

  6.在美国口语中,用在祈使语气中表示目的的动词comegotryrun之后的动词不定式符号to可省略,也可不省略.例如:

  (1)Cometellmeifhearrives.

  (2)Gotellyourmother.

  (3)Runswimtogether.

  (4)Tryopenthedooragain.

  (5)Trytoopenthedooragain.(不省略语气更强烈)

  7.在一些固定短语中,

  makebelieve(假装)

  makedo(凑合,设法对付)

  letslip(说出)

  leavego(放手)

  hearsay(听说)

  letpass(忽略)

  letbe(别打扰).例如:

  (1)Theteacherdidn'tletslipawordtousaboutthecomingexam.

2020-08-11 00:32:59
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