关于不定式符号to的省略在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号后的内容?
关于不定式符号to的省略
在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号后的内容?
关于不定式符号to的省略在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号后的内容?
关于不定式符号to的省略
在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号to?在什么情况下可以省略不定式符号后的内容?
动词不定式中的省略现象
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况,一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略.
一,省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
1.一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expectwanthopewishlovehatedecideplanmeantrywouldlikebereadybeafraidbeglad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to.例如:
(1)-I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog
-Notatall.I'dbegladto.
(2)-Willyougowithme
-Well,I'dliketo.
(3)-Willyougohometomorrow
-No.I'mgoingtoalecture,oratleastIamplanningto.
2.不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式.例如:
(1)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhimnotto.
(2)You'dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyouto.
3.在一些情态动词或助动词oughttohavetousedtobeableto后.例如:
(1)-MustIgonow
-No.Youdon'thaveto.
(2)-Areyouplanningtoseeyourgrandfather
-No.ButIoughtto.
二,省略动词不定式符号to的情况
1.动词不定式作感官动词feelseenoticewatchfindhearlistentoobserve和使役动词havemakelet等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to省略.如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外).例如:
(1)Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome.
(=Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.)
(2)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood.
(=Theyknewherverywell.Shewasseentogrowupfromchildhood.)
注意:
get作"使,让,叫某人做某事"时,要用getsb.todosth.结构.例如:
MothergotTomtobuyapackofsugar.
2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词andorthanbut连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to.但如果强调对比之意时不省略.例如:
(1)She'dliketotakeoffhercoatandhaveabreak.
(2)Thestudentsaretaughttoread,writeanddomanyotherthings.
(3)It'smoredifficulttodothantosay.(强调语意前后对比)
(4)Theteachercamenottopunishyoubuttohelpyou.(强调语意前后对比)
(5)Iwonderedwhethertostudyortowork.(强调语意前后对比)
3.不定式作表语,用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时,往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.例如:
(1)Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankherforallherhelpduringhertraining.
(2)Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandrest.
(3)Whatadictionarydoesishelpthestudentstofindoutthemeaningandtheusageofnewwords.
4.在why或whynot引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中.例如:
(1)Whygetsoexcited
(2)Whyquarrelwithyourmother
(3)Whynotjoinus,Tom
5.在一些类似情态动词词组hadbetterwouldratherhadbestratherthancan'tbutcan'thelpbut等之后.例如:
(1)InChinaitisimportanttoinvestineducationratherthanincreasepersonalwages.
(2)Jackwouldratherreadthantalk.
(3)You'dbetterputonmoreclothes,oryou'llcatchabadcold.
(4)Shedarestogotothelonelyislandbyherself.Ican'tbutadmireherbravery.
6.在美国口语中,用在祈使语气中表示目的的动词comegotryrun之后的动词不定式符号to可省略,也可不省略.例如:
(1)Cometellmeifhearrives.
(2)Gotellyourmother.
(3)Runswimtogether.
(4)Tryopenthedooragain.
(5)Trytoopenthedooragain.(不省略语气更强烈)
7.在一些固定短语中,
makebelieve(假装)
makedo(凑合,设法对付)
letslip(说出)
leavego(放手)
hearsay(听说)
letpass(忽略)
letbe(别打扰).例如:
(1)Theteacherdidn'tletslipawordtousaboutthecomingexam.